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1991-03-11
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ID:D4 DOS 4.0 and Expanded Memory Drivers
DESQview 2.+ Technical Note #143
We have tested all of our products under DOS 4.0 and above and
have not found any problems, other than those mentioned below
under the heading "Consumer Alert! - Using the '/X' parameter."
DOS's Expanded Memory Drivers
DOS 4.0 provides two files, XMAEM.SYS and XMA2EMS.SYS, that can be
used to provide expanded memory on some systems.
XMAEM.SYS: This driver is used to emulate an IBM XMA card
on 386 IBM machines. XMA is an IBM hardware specification
which uses a bank-switching technique. It should be noted
that on a hardware level, this technique is not EMS 3.2, EEMS
or EMS 4.0. It is IBM's own method. The IBM 3270
Workstation program uses XMA in its native mode, but any
program that uses LIM style memory requires an additional EMS
emulation driver on top of XMAEM.SYS systems or XMA boards.
XMA2EMS.SYS: This driver, when used with a 386 that has
XMAEM.SYS loaded or when used with an XMA board, emulates
EMS 4.0. This driver seems to do a reasonably good job of
emulating the EMS 4.0 spec, but is of limited use to DESQview
users in that it cannot set EMS pages in the 0-640K area and
cannot be made to set pages into high (640K-1 meg) memory
addresses other than the EMS 64K page frame. This driver
can be used for DESQview program swapping, but not to
support multitasking in expanded memory.
Consumer Alert! - Using the "/X" Parameter
DOS 4.0 defines EMS 4.0 pages 254 and 255 to be reserved for the
use of the DOS 4.0 utilities BUFFERS, FASTOPEN and VDISK. This
function can be utilized by allocating specific physical 16K
pages for P254 and P255 on the expanded memory driver line in
CONFIG.SYS. These three utilities can then access this memory by
giving them a "/X" parameter.
This represents an addition to the EMS 4.0 specification by IBM,
an addition which is not supported by the specification as
outlined by Lotus, Intel and Microsoft. It is not supported by
Quarterdeck's QEMM driver or any other EMS 4.0 driver other than
IBM's. Quarterdeck believes that users with IBM DOS 4.00 or 4.01
or MS-DOS 4.00 should not use the "/X" switch to load any of the
above-mentioned utilities, as other EMS 4.0 software will not be
able to detect this special usage of EMS and may overwrite these
pages. Since the BUFFERS driver contains directory information,
this could lead to the loss of information on your hard disk.
Under the appropriate circumstances, later versions of DOS 4
can be safely permitted to use expanded memory for loading
BUFFERS, FASTOPEN and VDISK. If you are using our Manifest
product, it can detect whether your system is currently configured
to use "/X" safely or not. To find out, boot up without using the
"/X" parameter and then look at Manifest's "Hints." If one of the
hints is to load your BUFFERS with the "/X" parameter, then you
may assume it is safe to use. If you are unsure about whether
your DOS can safely use the "/X," we strongly recommend you do not
use the "/X" parameter for BUFFERS, FASTOPEN and VDISK at any
time, whether using our products or not.
****************
Comparison of XMAEM and XMA2EMS and DESQview's QEMM products:
Unless you don't have the QEMM products, there is no particular
reason to use the IBM drivers.
On a 386: IBM's drivers (both of which must be used), take 19K
of conventional memory overhead vs. 1.5K for QEMM. They do not
provide memory sorting, loading high of TSR's, or caching of ROMS;
DESQview users will not get virtual screen support, and the memory
mapped by the IBM drivers can only be used by DESQview for swap
space, not for multitasking programs. Even if you don't plan to
run DESQview or load TSRs into high memory, QEMM is probably a
faster and more robust driver.
On expanded memory boards: The IBM drivers cannot be used on
these boards. Only IBM XMA boards or 386 extended memory can
support the drivers. You will still need to run the expanded
memory driver that came with the board.
On Model 50/60 with memory expansion: If you are not running
DESQview, the IBM drivers will probably work well for expanded
memory programs such as Lotus 1-2-3, but do not provide the
motherboard or 640K-1 meg mapping that is desirable for multi-
tasking programs and loading TSRs into high memory.
Copyright (C) 1991 by Quarterdeck Office Systems
* * * E N D O F F I L E * * *